When biologists study human evolution, they usually refer to the way that various species of the Homo genus have evolved during the last two million years, illustrated in this diagram, as an extension of one in an article in the prestigious scientific journal Nature in 2012, titled ‘What makes a modern human’, by Chris Stringer, from the Natural History Museum in London.

In Integral Relational Logic, evolutionary hierarchy indicates the ontogenetic structure of generations of individuals, as they are born from their parents, during a billion years of sexual reproduction, as we see in family trees of ancestors and descendants.

While evolution has been primarily divergent during the past fourteen billion years—leading to the chaos the world is in today—during the past four hundred years, a sequence of cosmologies has emerged that has carried evolutionary convergence to its glorious culmination, at its Omega Point.

In Panosophy, involution is a dying, spiritual process, the opposite of creative, evolutionary processes, similar to, but different from the various esoteric meanings of this word. Most significantly, involution does not take place prior to evolution, as Aurobindo asserted, for, in Reality, both processes take place in the Eternal Now, in the vertical dimension of time, not in the horizontal.

Evolution is an accumulative process of divergence and convergence, proceeding in an accelerating, exponential fashion by synergistically creating wholes that are greater than the sum of the preceding wholes through the new relationships that are formed, apparently out of nothing.